RESUMO
Introduction: Congenital Cytomegalovirus (cCMV) represents one of the biggest public health problems in the world, affecting 0.5-1% of all live births. As a result, it is the biggest cause of non-genetic hearing loss, making up almost 25% of all sensorineural hearing loss. Objective: The objective of this literature review is to analyze the scientific evidence that relates congenital cytomegalovirus to hearing disorders in children and the period of manifestation of the same. Methodology: The research was carried out in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences), Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), using specific descriptors, searched through of the DeCs (Descriptors in Health Sciences) of the Regional Library of Medicine (BIREME). Two independent researchers performed the steps of the article selection strategy. Results: In total, 13 cohort studies were included in the systematic review. Among the selected studies, 7 demonstrated auditory alteration already in the neonatal hearing screening. The most observed audiological profile was bilateral moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss. In studies with longer follow-up, the progression of hearing loss was observed during childhood. It was also noted that the gestational trimester of maternal infection and the presence of symptoms in affected children can influence the development and severity of hearing disorders. Conclusion: Congenital Cytomegalovirus infection can cause hearing loss, usually sensorineural, moderate to profound, bilaterally, with possible progression during childhood.